Parental Abuse Increases Child's Risk of Cancer in Adulthood ...

By Rick Nauert PhD Senior News Editor
Reviewed by John M. Grohol, Psy.D. on July 18, 2012

A new study suggests abuse of a child by a parent can increase the child?s chance of developing cancer in adulthood.

Purdue University researchers discovered the risks are significant when mothers abuse their daughters and fathers abuse their sons.

?People often say that children are resilient and they?ll bounce back, but we found that there are events that can have long-term consequences on adult health,? said Dr. Kenneth Ferraro, distinguished professor of sociology.

?In this case, people who were frequently emotionally or physically abused by their parents were more likely to have cancer in adulthood, and the link was greater when fathers abused sons and mothers abused daughters. Overall, the more frequent and intense the abuse, the more it elevated the cancer risk.

?We would like to see child abuse noted as an environmental factor that can increase cancer occurrence in adulthood. More research on this topic also could help mediate the effects or improve interventions to help abused children.?

The research is published online by the Journal of Aging and Health.

?We started examining a variety of childhood misfortunes, including abuse, and when these were all combined, we found that men with the most stressors during childhood were more likely to develop cancer,? said co-author and sociology and gerontology graduate student Patricia Morton.

?Second, we found that when children were abused by their same-sex parent, it increased their cancer risk,? possibly becaue of the greater social bond between same-sex children and parents.

?Other studies have shown that if a mother smokes, the daughter is more likely to smoke, and the same relationship is found when sons mirror their father?s behavior,? Morton said.

?More research is needed, but another possibility is that men may be more likely to physically abuse their sons, and mothers are more likely to physically abuse their daughters.?

Researchers reviewed survey data from 2,101 adults in two waves of the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States.

Abuse was one of many childhood misfortunes ? including poverty, loss of parent and family educational status ? that researchers examined to determine if there was a link to cancer in adulthood.

One method of analysis looked at cumulative stress during childhood. This review found that men who experienced the most cumulative stressors during childhood were more likely to have cancer. This was not true with women, and this suggests that men and women may have different responses to childhood stressors, Morton said.

A second perspective looked at each category of misfortune ? a viewpoint that identified the connection between abuse and cancer. In this analysis, survey participants were not directly asked if they were abused, but abuse was defined by survey answers to questions such as how frequently a parent, sibling or other person insulted or swore at them as a child; refused to talk them; threatened to hit them; pushed, grabbed or shoved; threw something at them; kicked, bit or hit them with a fist; choked them; or burned or scalded them.

The frequency of these abuses also was identified. Researcher then controlled for factors such as an adults age, lifestyle choices and economic status yet the association between abuse and cancer remained.

?It also is likely,? Ferraro said, ?that the effect between child abuse and cancer is underrepresented in our study, because people who suffered abuse and were then incarcerated, placed in a mental institution or died were not included in this survey of adults. These groups may represent people with more acute and severe effects from abuse, and even though they are omitted, we still find a link.?

As a result of the findings, researchers are expanding their investigation of the effects of child abuse and health conditions in adulthood. Scientists are now examining potential links between child abuse and other health outcomes, including heart attacks and types of cancer.

?The connection between negative childhood events and mental health is accepted, and these findings reinforce that such events can also have a long-lasting effect on a person?s physical health,? Morton said.

?It?s shocking just how much the damage sticks, and it is a reminder that childhood, which is defined by rapidly changing biological systems, is a sensitive period of development.?

Source: Purdue University

APA Reference
Nauert PhD, R. (2012). Parental Abuse Increases Child?s Risk of Cancer in Adulthood. Psych Central. Retrieved on July 19, 2012, from http://psychcentral.com/news/2012/07/18/parental-abuse-increases-childs-risk-of-cancer-in-adulthood/41824.html

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Source: http://psychcentral.com/news/2012/07/18/parental-abuse-increases-childs-risk-of-cancer-in-adulthood/41824.html

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Entrance towards the Huge Castle - Online Gaming Tips, Guides ...

By using the False Eye, you are able to enter the area with a huge castle. Open your map and your target destination is just up ahead. But, you have to proceed with caution because there are several Ganados that always awaits you with a surprise ambush.As you entered the door, you will find yourself on a small trail that slightly goes up. Ahead, you can see the villagers armed and equipped with their farming tools to be used for hunting you down. Take out your best weapon appropriate for eliminating a group of multiple attackers.
Trying to proceed nearly half on the trail, the Ganados did prepared a plan of taking you out by running you down with their huge old rusty truck. Shoot it down with your best weapon until it blows up and goes tumbling down the trail.

Thinking that your encounter with the Ganados is over, you are wrong. As you continue to proceed your way up on the trail, more of them will suddenly come out from the trucks compartment. If you are low of ammo then it?s best suggested that you run your way towards the castle.

Running near the bridge, a scene will take place. More of the Ganados are coming out to catch both Leon and Ashley. Having a good idea, Leon and Ashley immediately run through the other side of the bridge and operated the two levers which pulled the bridge up making the Ganados unable to cross.

This ends chapter 2-3 where the game provides your total statistics and to save your game.

You and Ashley are now at the entrance of the castle. Nearby are the merchant and a typewriter. Sell those treasures that you have in your inventory from the merchant and buy the stuff that you need. You may skip saving your game from the typewriter because you made a save previously unless you did not.

If you are continuously playing Biohazard 4 for more than five hours, it is suggested that you need to take a break and have a good rest. Come and play the game another day.

Source: http://freeskyonlinegamestipsandguides.blogspot.com/2012/07/entrance-towards-huge-castle.html

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Senate panel approves trade relations with Russia

WASHINGTON (AP) ? A Russia trade bill that could double U.S. exports to the former Communist superpower but complicate already frosty relations with Russia advanced in the Senate Wednesday.

The Senate Finance Committee combined the trade measure with a bill to punish Russian human rights violators. But lawmakers rejected a provision that would have required the president to certify that Russia is no longer supplying arms to Syria.

The committee's unanimous vote to lift Cold War trade restrictions and establish permanent normal trade relations with Russia came against a background of strong objections to Russia's poor human rights record, its threats against U.S. missile defenses in Europe, its failure to protect intellectual property rights, its discrimination against U.S. agricultural products and most recently its support for the Assad government in Syria.

Enacting permanent trade status is necessary if U.S. businesses are to benefit from the lowering of trade barriers that will take place when Russia enters the World Trade Organization next month.

Finance Committee Chairman Max Baucus, D-Mont., said current U.S. exports to Russia, about $9 billion a year, could double in five years if trade relations are normalized.

"There is no time to waste. America risks being left behind," Baucus said. "If we miss that deadline, American farmers, ranchers, workers and businesses will lose out to the other 154 members of the WTO that already have PNTR (permanent normal trade relations) with Russia." U.S. imports from Russia last year were four times the export level.

Getting the trade bill through Congress has been a top priority for business and farm groups, which see it as a jobs creator and a boost to the economy. "Without PNTR, U.S. companies and workers will be at a distinct disadvantage in the Russian market as our competitors in Europe, Asia and elsewhere begin to lock in sales and long-term contracts," said Caterpillar Inc. chairman and CEO Doug Oberhelman, who also chairs the Business Roundtable.

But it has struggled to gain momentum because of poor relations between the two countries.

"It is with some trepidation that we undertake this task," said Sen. Orrin Hatch of Utah, top Republican on the committee. "Despite President Obama's reset policy, U.S.-Russian relations remain rocky at best."

The bill only advanced to a committee vote after Baucus agreed to link it to legislation, pushed by Sens. Ben Cardin, D-Md., and Jon Kyl, R-Ariz., that imposes sanctions such as visa denials and asset freezes on Russian government officials involved in human rights violations. The legislation, which has sparked strong criticism from Russian officials, specifically targets those involved in the case of Sergei Magnitsky, a lawyer who died in a Russian jail in 2009 after allegedly being subject to torture.

Sen. John Cornyn, R-Texas, proposed an amendment stating that the legislation would not go into effect until the president certifies that Russia is no longer supplying arms to Syria. "If it's important to vindicate the rights of a single person," he said, referring to Magnitsky, "how much more compelling is it" to ensure that Russian arms aren't being used to kill thousands of Syrian civilians. It was defeated, with opponents saying withholding permanent trade status would only hurt U.S. businesses, not Russia.

How to proceed with the trade issue has divided both parties. Last month Hatch and seven other Finance Committee members sent Baucus a letter listing the many troubling aspects of U.S.-Russia relations and questioning whether Russia would comply with WTO findings when disputes arise. But earlier this week 73 House Republican freshmen wrote President Barack Obama saying that "we will only hurt ourselves and lose out on economic opportunities and needed jobs" if full trade relations with Russia are not established.

It's a "Hobson's choice," said Sen. Mike Crapo, R-Idaho, at Wednesday's committee meeting. By moving to help U.S. exporters Congress was put in the situation of rewarding the bad behavior of the Moscow government, he said.

While adding the Magnitsky provision to the bill, the measure eliminates another human rights act that has been the main stumbling block to permanent normal trade relations.

The bill repeals the 1974 Jackson-Vanik act that tied trade with the then-Soviet Union to Moscow's allowing Jews and other minorities to leave the country. While Jackson-Vanik has long outlived its purpose, it has remained on the books, a mark of the continued difficult relations between the two countries.

It appears unlikely that Congress can act on the trade bill before Russia formally enters the WTO. Congress has only two more weeks before it takes off for its August recess, time likely to be taken up by election-related tax and spending bills.

On the House side, Ways and Means Committee Chairman Dave Camp, R-Mich., welcomed the Senate's action and said he intended to introduce a bill in the next few days. He said he was working with the White House to find a Democratic co-sponsor so the bill could move through his committee on a bipartisan basis.

The bill also establishes permanent normal trade relations with Moldova. Baucus said the former Soviet republic, which joined the WTO in 2001, is the only WTO member that does not have permanent trade status with the United States.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/senate-panel-approves-trade-relations-russia-162534428.html

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Airbus designer hopes to see planes roll out of hanger-sized 3D printers by 2050

3D printing may still be in its infancy, but at least one Airbus designer sees things progressing quite a bit over the next 40 years or so. As Forbes reports, the company's Bastian Schafer has been working on a new concept plane for the last two years with other Airbus designers -- one that would largely be "printed" using a hanger-sized 3D printer. "It would have to be about 80 by 80 meters," he told Forbes, adding that such a thing "could be feasible." According to Schafer, 3D printing could not only lead to some significant cost savings, but also allow for parts that are 65 percent lighter than those made with traditional manufacturing methods. Naturally, the concept plane itself is also a showpiece for a raft of other new technologies, including a transparent wall membrane, a 100 percent recyclable cabin, and "morphing" seats that could harvest body heat from passengers. You can get a peek at what the plane might look like in the video after the break.

Continue reading Airbus designer hopes to see planes roll out of hanger-sized 3D printers by 2050

Filed under: Transportation

Airbus designer hopes to see planes roll out of hanger-sized 3D printers by 2050 originally appeared on Engadget on Mon, 16 Jul 2012 04:04:00 EDT. Please see our terms for use of feeds.

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Source: http://feeds.engadget.com/~r/weblogsinc/engadget/~3/E4snHj9Flxc/

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U.S. food writer Marion Cunningham dies, age 90

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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/u-food-writer-marion-cunningham-dies-age-90-051237457.html

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Study Compares Gene Expression Profiling Tests for Breast Cancer

Newswise ? New research from University of the Sciences? Mayes College of Healthcare Business and Policy suggests that MammaPrint ? a gene expression profiling (GEP) test used to identify whether women with early-stage breast cancer would benefit from chemotherapy ? is the more cost-effective and clinically-useful test than the most frequently used GEP in practice in the United States today. The findings have strong implications for health policy makers and health insurance reimbursement decisions, as well as, for health providers and patient outcomes.

To date, Oncotype DX ? a 21-gene profile assay ? is the most commonly used GEP in clinical practice in the United States. Oncotype DX produces a numerical recurrence score, which places patients in three categories: high risk, intermediate risk and low risk. MammaPrint ? a 70-gene profile microarray evaluation used more frequently in Europe ? reports results via two categories: high risk or low risk for recurrence.

The research of Amalia M. Issa, PhD, MPH, chair of the Department of Health Policy and Public Health and director of the Program in Personalized Medicine and Targeted Therapeutics, which was published online by Cancer in February 2012, compared Oncotype DX and MammaPrint from a third-party payer?s perspective. A 10-year Markov model, which represents changing health states over time, was developed to evaluate the costs and quality-adjusted life years associated with using the two most popular GEP-guided treatment strategies in a hypothetical cohort of 1,000 women with early stage, lymph node-negative, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Outcomes included no recurrence, recurrence, and death. The costs considered included the expenses generated from the administration of the gene test, dispensation of adjuvant chemotherapy and other chemotherapy, as well as cost of treating recurrence, adverse events and end-of-life care.

?Our study is the first to compare two specific gene expression profiling assays head-to-head,? explained Dr. Issa. ?As personalized genomic medicine continues its progress forward, this study demonstrates the value of doing this type of research for society ? to make decisions based on empirical evidence.?

Specifically, the results indicate that patients who received the Oncotype DX test spent $27,882 and gained 7.36 quality of life years, whereas patients who received the MammaPrint spent $21,598 and gained 7.461 quality of life years. This represents a 29% cost-effective advantage, with better quality of life years than the most frequently used GEP test in the United States.

Breast cancer is the second most common malignancy for women in the United States, with more than 200,000 women diagnosed annually. Each day, patients and their health providers must make difficult decisions about treatment and the utilization of adjuvant chemotherapy to reduce the risk of reoccurrence or death. Increasingly, providers are utilizing GEP tests to evaluate prognostic and risk information and determine the best course of treatment.

?New genomic diagnostics and personalized medicine applications are increasingly entering the market, and this broader availability of diagnostics has major implications for health care delivery,? continued Dr. Issa. ?The unexpected findings of this study demonstrate the need for further translational research studies of this type to be conducted before a novel personalized medicine application is implemented widely into practice.?

Co-authors on this study are Mo Yang, MS, a graduate student mentored by Dr. Issa, and Suja Rajan, PhD.

This work was supported by a grant from InHealth, the Institute for Health Technology Studies.

At University of the Sciences, students embark on a challenging learning experience in a proving ground for successful professionals in the science and healthcare-related fields. A private institution dedicated to education, research, and service, and distinguished as the nation?s first college of pharmacy, the University has produced leaders in the science and healthcare marketplaces since its founding in 1821. Students in USciences? five colleges learn to excel in scientific analysis and to apply their skills to improving the lives of people worldwide. For more information, visit usciences.edu.

? Twitter @USciences ?

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Kayak?s IPO Moves Forward, Prices Shares At $22-$25

Kayak's perpetually-delayed IPO finally moved forward today, as the company has officially announced it has priced its shares between $22 and $25, and will begin trading on the NASDAQ under the ticker symbol "KYAK." In the most recent SEC filing, the company said it's going to offer 3.5 million shares, in a deal led by Morgan Stanley - Stanley's first since the Facebook IPO. Other banks participating include?Deutsche Bank, Piper Jaffray, Stifel Nicolaus and Pacific Crest.

Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/kLphjlr_KM0/

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